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Understanding the Comprehensive Role of Orthopaedic Appliances in Both Skeletal and Dental Correction for Fractures, Deformities, and Post-Surgical Support

Orthopaedic appliances, often referred to as orthoses, are external devices used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems, serving as vital tools across orthopedic and orthodontic fields. They range from braces and casts used to immobilize fractures and support spinal issues to functional orthodontic appliances (like headgear or palatal expanders) designed to guide bone growth in the jaw during development. Their primary functions are stabilization, protection, correction of deformity, and pain relief.

These devices work by applying specific, controlled forces to bones and joints, either immobilizing them completely to facilitate healing (as with a cast for a broken arm) or applying heavy, intermittent forces to gradually modify skeletal growth, particularly in children and adolescents. Modern advancements, including 3D printing and smart materials, are enabling the creation of lighter, more comfortable, and more precisely customized…

Mitigating Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: The Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Scalp Cooling Systems in Reducing Hair Loss by Inducing Vasoconstriction and Decreasing Follicular Metabolism in Patients Undergoing Cytotoxic Treatment

Scalp cooling systems are a non-invasive supportive care technology used to minimize or prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia (hair loss), a psychologically distressing side effect of many cancer treatments. The system works by circulating a chilled liquid through a cap worn before, during, and after the infusion of cytotoxic drugs, cooling the scalp to temperatures often below $22^\circ\text{C}$. This cooling achieves a dual effect: it causes vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow and the amount of drug reaching the hair follicles.

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